EVs are present in all biological fluids, including serum, a crucial component of cell culture media that provides essential yet incompletely characterized factors 17,18
[18] [19] By reducing oxidative damage and supporting glutathione production, NAC may theoretically help preserve vascular health
A lipotropic injection adds methionine, inositol, and choline (MIC) compounds involved in fat metabolism and often includes B12 as well
Funding This work was funded by two grants from the Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan (DRGS/2024/11), and Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number (PNURSP2026R305), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia