Co-occurring deficiencies: you might also need support with iron, vitamin D, or folate
This slowing contributes to the appetite suppression that drives weight loss and the postprandial glucose-lowering effect, and it also drives most of the gastrointestinal side effect profile.[1],[2] A 2025 review in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism summarizes the published evidence: GLP-1 receptor agonists impact gastric, intestinal, and gallbladder motility simultaneously, with effects on gastric fundus relaxation, antral contractility inhibition, increased pyloric tone, and reduced small intestinal motility.[3] The path from this mechanism to constipation is straightforward
A systemic review and dose-response meta-analysis found that plasma levels of TMAO in patients with diabetes are higher than in subjects without diabetes and there is a positive dose-dependent association between circulating TMAO levels and increased diabetes risk (Zhuang et al., 2019)
"Policy options to cover anti-obesity drugs: Highlighting the Georgetown policy compendium as a resource"