Neuroscience Research: Intranasal BPC-157 is studied to characterize potential nose-to-brain transport and CNS biodistribution
Saxenda (liraglutide) is an older GLP-1 that requires a daily rather than weekly injection
Rat hippocampal and human cortical neurons have been shown to be protected by both forms of IGF against induced damage induced by iron, which is believed to contribute to the process of cell damage and death resulting from ischemic and traumatic insults (see also: inflammation, wound healing) by catalyzing the oxidation of protein and lipids

Back to Journals Clinical Ophthalmology Volume 20 Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs Associated with a Reduced Risk of Legal Blindness in Type 2 Diabetics with Cardiovascular Risks Authors Jarrett E, Muayad J , Ryu BU, Lee AG, Gupta PK Received 1 December 2025 Accepted for publication 28 January 2026 Published 3 February 2026 Volume 2026:20 581826 DOI Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 2 Editor who approved publication: Dr Yousef Fouad Ethan Jarrett, 1 Jawad Muayad, 2 Byoung U Ryu, 3 Andrew G Lee, 1 8 Praveena K Gupta 3 1 John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA